See [[passMedicine Summaries#Evaluation of gradual visual loss]]
[!TIP] Mnemonic: RIFC: retina - ipsi, Field - contra
A particular side of the retina is innervated by the same side of the brain.
This means that a side of the visual field is connected to the contralateral side of the brain
See also:
[!INFO] Retrochiasmal lesions will cause contralateral homonymous visual field defects.
According to the figure above, temporal lobe lesions will cause a contralateral superior quadrantonopia.
These are "Meyer's loop" lesions.
| Hyphema | Retinal detachment |
[!INFO] Visual loss means loss of one or more of
- acuity
- Color vision
- visual field
Central Vs. Peripheral vision loss:
Speed of onset
| Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) | Retinal Venous occlusion (RVO) |
|---|---|
| Less common | Much more common |
| Older population | older population |
| Urgent need of further evaluation | Doesn't need further evaluation for cause |
| Higher risk of ASCVD events | |
| Managed by neurologist - like a stroke | Managed by ophthalmologist |
| Permanent renal death in a few hours. | |
| Commonest causes are emboli: + ICA emobli + aortic arch, cardiac |
|
| Sudden vision loss (curtain coming down) | Vision loss ranges from slight to severe |
| Retinal haemorrhages are common | |
| Vascular causes are the main risk factors | Age seems to be the main risk factor |
| Source |